Американская военная машина. Глубинная политика, глобальная связь ЦРУ с наркотиками и путь в Афганистан - Питер Дейл Скотт

of COG planning in the 1980s as evidence for his case that a “cabal of zealots” has been planning for “the return of the imperial presidency” ever since Cheney and Rumsfeld lost their posts in the Ford administration.

92. U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and U.S. House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Joint Inquiry into Intelligence Community Activities before and after the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001, Senate Report 107-351.

93. Philip Shenon, The Commission: The Uncensored History of the 9/11 Investigation (New York: Twelve/Hachette, 2008), 54–55.

94. “Addressing the nation from the Oval Office in 2005 after the first disclosures of the NSA’s warrantless electronic surveillance became public, Bush insisted that the spying program in question was reviewed ‘every 45 days’ as part of planning to assess threats to ‘the continuity of our government’” (Christopher Ketcham, “The Last Round-Up,” RadarOnline, May 15, 2008, http://circleof13.blogspot.com/2008/05/last-roundup.html). Cf. President’s Radio Address, December 15, 2005, http://www

.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/12/20051217.html: “The activities I authorized are reviewed approximately every 45 days. Each review is based on a fresh intelligence assessment of terrorist threats to the continuity of our government and the threat of catastrophic damage to our homeland.”

95. Robert Parry, “Gonzales Questions Habeas Corpus,” Baltimore Chronicle, January 19, 2007.

96. 9/11 Commission Report, 38, 326; Scott, The Road to 9/11, 228–29.

97. White House Notice of September 20, 2007, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2007/09/20070920-9.html.

98. White House Press Release, September 10, 2009, http://www.whitehouse

.gov/the_press_office/Notice-of-continuation-from-the-president-regarding-the-emergency-declared-with-respect-to-the-September-11-2001-terrorist-attacks. A press briefing by Obama’s spokesman Robert Gibbs the same day did not mention the extension.

99. Jerome Corsi, “Bush Makes Power Grab,” WorldNetDaily, May 23, 2007, http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=55824.

100. Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, “National Emergency Powers,” updated August 30, 2007, p. 10ss, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/98-505.pdf.

101. Washington Post, May 10, 2007.

102. Scott, The Road to 9/11, 183–87, citing James Mann, “The Armageddon Plan,” Atlantic Monthly, March 2004, http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200403/mann; James Mann, The Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush’s War Cabinet (New York: Viking, 2004), 138–45; Bamford, A Pretext for War, 70–74. Cf. Peter Dale Scott, “Congress, the Bush Administration and Continuity of Government Planning: The Showdown,” CounterPunch, March 31, 2008, http://www.counterpunch.org/scott03312008.html.

103. Scott, The Road to 9/11, 184; Ross Gelbspan, Break-Ins, Death Threats, and the FBI: The Covert War against the Central America Movement (Boston: South End Press, 1991), 184.

Chapter 10: Obama and Afghanistan

1. John Nichols, “Obama’s Campaign Merits a Peace Prize,” The Nation (blogs), October 10, 2009, http://www.thenation.com/blogs/thebeat/482916/obama_s

_campaign_merits_a_peace_prize.

2. Peter Dale Scott, The Road to 9/11: Wealth, Empire, and the Future of America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), 65–69.

3. Scott, The Road to 9/11, 66–67.

4. Scott, The Road to 9/11, 67–68, referring to the Rumsfeld Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States. Cf. Len Colodny and Tom Schachtmen, The Forty Years War: The Rise and Fall of the Neocons, from Nixon to Obama (New York: HarperCollins, 2009), 365–66.

5. Thomas H. Johnson and M. Chris Mason, “Refighting the Last War: Afghanistan and the Vietnam Template,” Military Review, November–December 2009, 1.

6. Johnson and Mason, “Refighting the Last War,” 5, citing Jeffrey Record, “How America’s Own Military Performance in Vietnam Aided and Abetted the ‘North’s’ Victory,” in Why the North Won the Vietnam War, ed. Marc Jason Gilbert (New York: Palgrave, 2002), 119.

7. New York Times, October 28, 2009.

8. Stanley Karnow, Vietnam: A History (New York: Penguin, 1997), 239; A. J. Langguth, Our Vietnam (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000), 99; Alfred W. McCoy, The Politics of Heroin (Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books/Chicago Review Press, 2003), 203 (drugs).

9. McCoy, The Politics of Heroin, 203.

10. Gareth Porter, “Tajik Grip on Afghan Army Signals New Ethnic War,” IPS News, November 28, 2009, http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=49461. Cf. James Denselow, “How National Is the Afghan Army?” Guardian, October 2, 2009. In February 2010 the U.S. Marines launched Operation Moshtarak in Marja, at the heart of the Pashtun province of Helmand. As the U.S. press noted, “Moshtarak” means “Together”—not in Pashtun, however, but in Dari.

11. Spencer Tucker, Vietnam (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1999), 87.

12. Eric Bergerud, The Dynamics of Defeat: The Vietnam War in Hau Nghia Province (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991), 3, quoted in Johnson and Mason, “Refighting the Last War,” 5.

13. Thomas H. Johnson, “Ismail Khan, Heart, and Iranian Influence,” Strategic Insights, July 2004, http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/jul/johnsonJul04.asp.

14. Johnson and Mason, “Refighting the Last War,” 7–8.

15. Rory Stewart, “Afghanistan: What Could Work,” New York Review of Books, January 14, 2010, 62.

16. Rory Stewart, “The Irresistible Illusion,” London Review of Books, July 9, 2009, http://www.lrb.co.uk/v31/n13/rory-stewart/the-irresistible-illusion.

17. Gretchen Peters, Seeds of Terror: How Heroin Is Bankrolling the Taliban and Al Qaeda (New York: Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin’s Press, 2009), 127–29.

18. The southern provinces were administered directly by a résident supérieur in Vientiane who also supervised—but indirectly—the quasi-independent northern Kingdom of Louangphrabang.

19. Corruption within the USAID program (or boondoggle) in Laos, centered about bribes paid by CIA contractor Willis Bird, produced a congressional investigation. See Peter Dale Scott, Drugs, Oil, and War: The United States in Afghanistan, Colombia, and Indochina (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003), 196; Martin E. Goldstein, American Policy toward Laos, 186–87; U.S. Congress, House, U.S. Aid Operations in Laos, House Report No. 546, 86th Cong., 1st sess. (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1959).

20. Time, March 17, 1961; discussion in Peter Dale Scott, The War Conspiracy: JFK, 9/11, and the Deep Politics of War (Ipswich, MA: Mary Ferrell Foundation Press, 2008), 78.

21. Guardian (London), October 14, 1971. Cf. McCoy, The Politics of Heroin, 320–21.

22. Cf. Leslie H. Gelb and Richard K. Betts, The Irony of Vietnam: The System Worked (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1979).

23. Mark Moyar, Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006).

24. McCoy, The Politics of Heroin, 300.

25. John Prados, Lost Crusader: the Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 168.

26. Scott, Drugs, Oil, and War, 40.

27. Martin Stuart-Fox, A History of